Monitoring the Outside: Cell Wall-Sensing Mechanisms

Monitoring the outside: cell wall-sensing mechanisms.

Monitoring Surface Chemical Changes in the Bacterial Cell Wall

Gram-negative bacteria can alter the composition of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer of the outer membrane as a response to different growth conditions and external stimuli. These alterations can, for example, promote attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation. The changes occur in the outermost layer of the cell and may consequently influence interactions between bacterial cells and surrou...

The Mechanisms of Plant Cell Wall Deconstruction during Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Mechanical agitation during enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble plant biomass at high dry matter contents is indispensable for the initial liquefaction step in biorefining. It is known that particle size reduction is an important part of liquefaction, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. Here we put forward a simple model based on mechanical principles capable of capturing the resul...

Tax avoidance and Firms Cost of Equity: The Moderating Role of outside Monitoring

Literature in tax avoidance indicates that the proceeds of tax avoidance can be invested on production affairs, which in turn enhance the future expected cash flow, thereby reducing the cost of equity. Based on this reasoning, the present study aims to examine whether tax avoidance is associated with the cost of equity with emphasis on the moderating effect of outside monitoring. To calculate t...

The Sweetener-Sensing Mechanisms of the Ghrelin Cell

Carbohydrate administration decreases plasma levels of the 'hunger hormone' ghrelin. The ghrelin cell is co-localized with the sweet taste receptor subunit, TAS1R3, and the gustatory G-protein, gustducin, both involved in the sensing of sweeteners by entero-endocrine cells. This study investigated the role of gustducin-mediated sweet taste receptor signaling on ghrelin secretion in a gastric gh...